Factsheet 6 - Evidence for Section 4 appeals

This Factsheet gives guidance on the evidence an applicant may be expected to provide to the Home Office or the First-tier Tribunal (Asylum Support) in order to prove they are eligible for s4 support. Updated 30 April 2025

In this Factsheet:

• Burden Of Proof
• Evidence For Destitution
• Evidence For All Reasonable Steps
• Evidence For Medical Impediment to Travel
• Evidence For Judicial Review
• Evidence For Human Rights

Burden of Proof

When applying for Section 4 support, the person must show that they are eligible.

To qualify, they must meet two requirements:

They must be destitute, and they must meet one of the conditions in Regulation 3(2)(a)–(e).

The standard of proof is “on the balance of probabilities.”
This means it must be more likely than not that their account is true.

The type and amount of evidence needed will depend on the circumstances.
Credibility is important, but clear and consistent evidence will strengthen the case.

The next section explains what evidence may be helpful, depending on which condition they have applied under.

Suggested Evidence for Different Criteria

An appellant may submit evidence at various stages of the s4 process: with their s4 application, with the Notice of Appeal, in response to Tribunal Directions or in person on the day of the hearing. All evidence provided must be consistent and not contradict the appellant’s oral account given in the hearing. 

• Regulation 3(1): Destitution

  Please see Factsheet 5 – Proving Destitution.

• Regulation 3(2)(a): All reasonable steps

  To qualify under this condition, a person must show they are taking all reasonable steps to leave the UK or place themselves in a position in which they are able to leave the UK.  This means the Home Office may refuse support if they can point to a single reasonable step which has not been taken.  Whether or not a particular step is “reasonable” will depend on individual circumstances. 

  Reasonable steps might involve:

  • applying to the Home Office for voluntary returns scheme;
  • complying with the Home Office’s re-documentation process (e.g. providing bio-data or attending an interview);
  • asking the Home Office for assistance in obtaining a travel document;
  • asking Immigration Services for assistance with returning when the person reports to the Home Office;
  • contacting the relevant embassy (or embassies if nationality is disputed) to request a travel document;
  • attending the embassy in person and requesting a travel document;
  • completing an application form for a travel document;
  • contacting the authorities or family members in their home country for help in obtaining identification documents;
  • attempting to track down family members or friends in the country of origin who could help with the process of re-documentation.

  Evidence of Steps Taken: Applicants must retain written evidence of all the steps they have taken to leave the UK. This could include copies of letters/emails they have sent to their embassy, an inventory of calls they have made (e.g. to their embassy, the Home Office, advice agencies etc.), notes of conversations they have had (e.g. with their embassy, voluntary departure team, immigration services etc), notes of any visit to their embassy or Home Office interview and copies of travel tickets.

  Three Month Rule: As a general rule, the Home Office expects a person receiving support under reg 3(2)(a) to leave the UK within 3 months.  Therefore the policy provides that support should be discontinued after 3 months unless the person provides satisfactory evidence why they have not left the UK p.14 Asylum support, s4(2): policy and process.  Certain nationalities may be required to follow more complex or time-consuming procedures (for example see AS/12/11/29199 for the Principal Judge’s guidance on what steps a Palestinian can reasonably be expected to take) which can be evidenced if eligibility is reviewed.  However, irrespective of what country a person is from, support should always be re-instated on appeal if they can show they are currently taking all reasonable steps to leave the UK, regardless of how long they have been on support.

• Regulation 3(2)(b): Physical Impediment to travel

  The Home Office require medical evidence to show that a person is unable to travel. Normally, this is via a s4 Medical Declaration Form completed by a GP or NHS consultant.  This is available here. The Home Office will reimburse up to £50 for the cost of completing the form. The fee is only reimbursed after the form has been submitted, and invoices should be sent to the s4 team.

  AND/OR: A recent letter on headed notepaper should be provided from the most relevant medical practitioner.  The letter should cover the following:

  • The practitioner’s name, qualifications and involvement with the patient (this will demonstrate that the practitioner has assessed the person and is well placed to determine if they are able to travel).
  • Details of the person’s medical problems (physical or psychiatric).
  • Whether these problems make the person unable to travel (this usually means whether they are able to get on a plane; stating that it is desirable for a person to receive treatment in the UK is insufficient, and if a person is unable to travel this should be stated clearly i.e. “This person is unable to travel at this point because…”).
  • If relevant, a comment on whether a medical escort would make a difference to their ability to travel.
  • Details of how long the person is likely to be unable to travel for.
• Regulation 3(2)(d): Judicial Review with permission
  • A claim form, together with proof of issue; AND
  • (In England and Wales) a copy of the High Court order granting permission to proceed.
  • OR: A letter or email from the solicitor explaining that the above steps were taken with relevant dates.
  • If a claim form has not yet been issued or permission granted, the applicant may still be eligible for s4 support under regulation 3(2) (e) – see below.
• Regulation 3(2)(e): Human Rights

  Support can be provided if it is unreasonable to expect the individual to leave the UK and that they need support to avoid a breach of their human rights while they remain here.  For more information on s4 human rights claims see Factsheet 12 – Breach of Human Rights and S4.

  The following is a list of circumstances where the Home Office or the Tribunal have provided support on human rights grounds and suggestions for the evidence that could be submitted in such circumstances.

  This is general guidance only:  

  • Out of time appeals to the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal (AIT) (s4 is given until the AIT decide whether to admit the appeal or not). 
    • Evidence: Copy of Appeal Notice to the AIT and confirmation it has been submitted.
       
  • Fresh representations have been submitted/or will be imminently submitted to the Home Office which contains some detail and do not simply repeat previously considered material. 
    • Evidence: Copy of fresh representations and evidence of submission. If the representations have not yet been submitted then evidence as to why the delay in submitting is outside the applicant’s control, as well as evidence that the further representations will raise a new, relevant matter. For example evidence that a person is waiting for a medical or expert witness report to be completed; or for legal aid to be granted; where they have been unable to get legal representation to help them prepare a claim which otherwise exists.
    • This is not an exhaustive list. However, in all cases people will need to show that their case has merit and provide evidence that these obstacles exist.
       
  • The applicant is a failed asylum-seeker who has an outstanding application for leave to remain under Article 8 (e.g. family in the UK, length of time in the UK or other ties to the UK) or an application to be recognised as a stateless person.
    • Evidence: A copy of the application and proof it has been submitted or received by the Home Office.
       
  • Judicial Review proceedings:  It is possible to get support if the applicant has started Judicial Review proceedings but has not yet got permission to proceed. 
    • Evidence: Copy of issued claim form or pre-action letter with proof of delivery or letter from solicitor.
       
  • The applicant has a claim before the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) relating to his/her right to remain in the United Kingdom. 
    • Evidence: Copy of application (individuated and fully reasoned) to the Court and any subsequent correspondence with the Court.  Any Rule 39 requests or decisions.  Evidence of exhaustion of domestic remedies, e.g. application to the High Court or letter from solicitor confirming remedy would have no prospect of success. Indication of imminent risk of serious and irreparable damage if removed to country of origin (see AS/11/04/26681).
       
  • The applicant needs to remain in the UK temporarily because of civil or criminal court proceedings or care proceedings.
    • Evidence: Copy of court documents/solicitor’s letter.
       
  • The appellant has such serious psychological health problems that they are unable/lack the capacity to take the necessary steps to facilitate their departure from the UK.
    • Evidence: Medical evidence of the condition and its impact on their lives and/or decision making.

Please note that the guidance below is not exhaustive; it may be necessary to provide more or less evidence, depending on the circumstances of a specific case.